Walking in the Shoes of Another

Walking in the Shoes of Another

Tenth Grade Lit/Comp - Mrs. Terry

Choices Unit Project

Fall 2006

Explanation and Requirements –

In this culminating unit project, each student will assume the persona of an individual who has faced adversity in the eyes of the public. The assessment pieces in this research project include a five-page diary written from the perspective of the assigned individual, as well as a presentation to the class defending the choice(s) made by the individual.

In order to complete the two required assignments, you must first conduct research to learn about the individual assigned to you and the difficult choices he has faced. If you wish to successfully complete this project, it is imperative that you take the time to develop a thorough, unbiased understanding of the person you are focusing upon. Remember, each of the individuals included in this project have been scrutinized by the media; therefore, you should carefully weigh information from a variety of sources before formulating your own perspective. Make sure you take into consideration not only the individual’s personal history, but the time period in which the event(s) took place, other individuals who played a role in the event(s), as well as other extenuating circumstances. The more you learn about the individual, the choices he made, and the consequences of those choices, the better prepared you will be to produce a quality diary and persuasive presentation. Your ultimate goal is to immerse yourself into the individual’s life so that you’re able to think, feel, and respond as that person.

As a class, we will visit the computer lab two class periods in order to perform research. You are strongly encouraged to complete additional research outside of class. This is a college-prep class, and you are expected to take ownership of your education. If you do not have Internet access at home, you may utilize the computer lab at school. Humanities lab 1 is open Tuesdays and Thursdays from 7:15–7:45 am and from 3:45-4:45 pm. The lab operates on a first-come, first-served basis, so plan to arrive early in order to ensure availability.

Ms. Turner, CHS Media Specialist, has set-up research links for you, and you will be provided with detailed instructions for access. You are required to use these reputable links for research before visiting other sites. As you visit other sites, please take into consideration the reliability of the sources. Remember, anyone can publish information on the web; everything you read is not true.

After you have completed your research, you are to assume the persona of the individual you have researched and compose five original diary entries in first person (you will use the pronoun “I”). The entries are to address the adversity the individual has faced. In other words, the diary entries must contain facts gathered from your research, which prove you are knowledgeable concerning your assigned topic. You should express how the person feels regarding his conflicts, the choices he has made, the reactions of others (including the general public), and the consequences of his actions. As a whole, your diary entries should defend the choices made by the individual. Each diary entry must be accurately dated at the top and be a minimum of one typed page in length (size 12 font with 1-inch margins and 1.5 line spacing). You may choose any readable font that you feel suits your persona. Your finished entries are to be bound in a unique manner indicative of your character’s personality and the time period in which he lived/lives. Please refer to the diary rubric as you work to ensure that you’re addressing all of the required elements.

Following submission of your finished diary, you will assume the persona of your assigned individual and make a two to three minute persuasive presentation to the class. The presentation is to be based upon the thoughts communicated in the diary entries. Your goal in the presentation is to defend your choice(s) to the class (again, you must include facts from your research so that your argument is well founded). You must utilize at least one physical prop (costume, memento, etc.) relevant to your character. Please refer to the presentation rubric as you prepare.

Timeline –

Friday, August 25^th Class Research Time

Tuesday, August 29^th Class Research Time

Friday, September 1^st Draft of Diary Entry #1 Due (Homework Grade)

Wednesday, September 6^th Draft of Diary Entry #2 Due (Homework Grade)

Monday, September 11^th Completed Diaries Due (Project Grade)

Tuesday, September 12^th Presentations – Last Names Beginning with A-G (Project Grade)

Wednesday, September 13^th Presentations – Last Names Beginning with H-M (Project Grade)

Thursday, September 14^th Presentations – Last Names Beginning with N-S (Project Grade)

Thursday, September 15^th Presentations – Last Names Beginning with T-Z (Project Grade)

Late projects will not be accepted unless you have an excused school absence. In this case, your project is due the day you return to school.

Walking in the Shoes of Another

Tenth Grade Literature and Composition

Fall 2006 – Mrs.Terry

Research Topics

1. Susan B. Anthony – American civil rights leader and abolitionist who co-led the effort for women’s suffrage in the United States

2. Lance Bass - Band member of 'N Sync who recently disclosed his homosexuality

3. Barry Bonds – San Francisco Giants All-Star leftfielder who used steroids to enhance performance

4. Dietrich Bonhoeffer - German Christian leader who openly defied Hitler

5. Reggie Bush - Heisman Trophy winning tailback who allegedly received improper benefits

6. Bill Campbell – Former Atlanta Mayor found guilty of tax evasion who is to begin serving a federal sentence in August

7. Dick Cheney – Vice President of the United States who shot a friend during a hunting trip

8. Maurice Clarett – Former Ohio State football star who has experienced trouble with law enforcement, and he is now reported to be involved with an Israeli crime organization

9. Bill Clinton – Former President of the United States who had an affair with a White House intern while in office

10. Amelia Earhart – American aviator who disappeared over the Pacific during a flight around the world

11. Mohandas Gandhi – Political and spiritual leader of India who fought for the independence of India from foreign domination, as well as peace among Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs

12. Charlene Hunter Gault - First black individual to attend the University of Georgia

13. Tonya Harding – Olympic ice skater whose ex-husband attacked competitor Nancy Kerrigan

14. Anita Hill – A former employee of Justice Clarence Thomas who accused Thomas of sexual harassment

15. Michael Jackson – Pop star who experienced a four month trial for child molestation charges in 2005

16. Richard Jewell – Suspect in the 1996 Olympic Park bombing who was recently honored by the state as a “hero”

17. Floyd Landis – 2006 Tour de France Champion who tested positive for high levels of testosterone

18. Jessica Lynch – Prisoner of war of the Iraqi military in the 2003 invasion of Iraq who was rescued by Unites States forces

19. Nelson Mandela – President of South Africa most widely known for his fight against South African apartheid, even during his twenty-seven year imprisonment

20. Cynthia McKinney – Georgia’s first African-American congresswoman who recently lost her seat

21. Richard Nixon – Threatened by impeachment, a former United States President who resigned due to his involvement in the Watergate scandal

22. Mary Kate Olsen – Teen superstar who has battled drug addiction and anorexia

23. Rosa Parks – African-American Freedom Award recipient known for her fight against racial segregation

24. John Proctor – A Puritan who was convicted during the Salem Witch Trials

25. Branch Ricky - President of the Brooklyn Dodgers who defied public opinion by bringing Jackie Robinson up to play major league baseball

26. Jackie Robinson – Individual who chose to be the first black major league baseball player

27. Pete Rose – Cincinnati Reds legend who was banned from baseball for gambling on the game

28. Eric Robert Rudolph – An American domestic terrorist who is serving five consecutive life sentences

29. Andrei Sakharov - German Christian leader who openly defied Hitler

30. Oskar Schindler – An Austrian who saved the lives of his Jewish employees during the Holocaust

31. Socrates – A man who chose to remain true to his beliefs and teachings rather than to save himself from being executed

32. Brittney Spears – Pop star whose personal life, including skills as a mother and marriage, has been criticized

33. Jennifer Willbanks – Young lady who ran out on her fiancé just before their wedding and reported that she was kidnapped

Check Out the Following Sites for

AWESOME, Easy to Find Information

by Clicking on the Hyperlinks Below:

Note: Password NEEDED IF USED AT HOME

...see Mrs. Terry for the Password

Biography Resource Center AWESOME database with only biographies of famous people(type in last name of person you are researching first)!

World Book Encyclopedia (short, easy to read articles for background information for historical figures).

CHS Library Catalog which also gives you recommended websites. After you search, scroll down and click on the items that have WebPath Express in the title. These will give you a list of recommended websites with information about your historical figure. They find the sites for you!

Student Resource Center if you still need more information... this database has great biographical articles! Type in last name first and when you get the list of articles, choose one that is a biography (biography will be written in black to the right of the article).

American History Research Paper Martin Foster

American History Research Paper

I. Only one person per topic in each class

II. The research paper will be worth 300 points.

III. No paper will be accepted after 3:30 on the day it is due, even if you are absent from school that day. If I chose to accept your paper one day late it will be a 30-point deduction. The Due Date is_____________

IV. Requirements

A. You must have a separate title page

B. You must have a one or two page outline.

C. Your paper must have a good introduction and conclusion. The introduction should have a broad opening statement, thesis statement and topics that will be covered.

D. The content of your paper must be 4 – 6 typed pages. It must be double-spaced using size 12-print and Times New Roman font. There must be at least one sentence on the fourth page.

E. You must turn in index cards with all your notes. The index cards should be labeled with the source and page number.

F. You must have citations for any information that is not common knowledge. You should have at least one citation from each source listed in your bibliography. Use MLA form to cite sources in your paper.

Example – (authors last name or title of article and page #). 1

G. All articles and pages from books, that were used for citations, must be

photocopied, highlighted and numbered. The number should match the number of that citation in your paper.

H. You must have a bibliography. Your must have four sources and at least one book. No general encyclopedias will be accepted. It must be in alphabetical order and the teacher must approve of Internet sources.

I. Your entire paper should be written in your own words. This means everything including your citations.

J. When you turn in your paper put it together in the following order:

1. Title page

2. Outline

3. Content of paper

4. Bibliography

5. Photocopies

6. Index cards

V. Methods of Evaluation

A. Spelling, grammar and Writing mechanics = 70 points

B. Introduction, conclusion and sequence of events = 30 points

C. Meeting all the requirements = 80 points

D. Content = 120 point

Research Paper – Rubric

Spelling, grammar and writing mechanics – A minus 3 points for each error

_______

70

Organization – Introduction, conclusion and sequence of events

________

30

Major requirements – Minus 20 for each one missing

_________

80

Content – Must be at least 4 pages

________

120

Total

___________

300

%

Since no Internet Sources will be accepted without approval from Mr. Foster.......

Check out these links to AWESOME databases!
You will need a password to access these databases AT HOME. See Mr. Foster or Mrs. Turner for the password. :-)

CHS Databases (search by keyword not phrase):

1. American History ...database that ONLY has American History Information. Also, check out the e-books! :-) Password is canes if used at home.

2. Student Reource Center...has excerpts from Reference books and magazine articles Password is canes if used at home.

3. Researching a famous person? Try this database! Password is canes if used at home

4. CHS library catalog....you must try to find one source from the library's catalog password is canes if used at home

GALILEO DATABASES: password at home: angular until March 2007

1. Annals of American History | Primary source documents and year-by-year documentary of American thought and action more ...

2. Academic Search Premier (at EBSCOhost) | Articles from popular magazines and academic journals. | Versión en Español more ...

3. SIRS DATABASES, search by subject

	SIRS Researcher® Student Reference, Social Issues, Health, Science, and Business
	Editorially Selected Web Sites

The Atomic Time Line Mr. Timms

Research and develop a timeline for our understanding of the atom. This will include
prominent people, places, equipment, etc. to show dates, discoveries, and ideas.

Click on the links below to find AWESOME and reliable information to use for your report! :-)

Good basic article about the atom...has graphics, pictures, discusses prominent people, dates, etc. from Worldbook Online


23 Recommended websites that deal with atoms...can't go wrong with these trusted websites!

Articles and mulitimedia that discusss the history of atoms from Student Resource Center Database

Current Events Ecology Mr. Hardy

Good Sources
for Current Events
dealing with
Science, Ecology, and Macromolecules :-)
for Mr. Hardy's class

NPR Ecology Current Events
New York Times Science Section....type in the word ecology in search box and you will see a list of articles about ecology
Los Angeles Times...Science Section...type in the word ecology in search box and you will see a list of articles about ecology
Environmental News Network
World News Science type in the word ecology in search box and you will see a list of articles about ecology
SIRS Researcher..MANY articles about the topic Environment
Macromolecules...recommended websites :-)
Articles about macromolecules from Student Resource Center

Biome Project Mrs.Stone

Biome Project

Biome Project

Name ___________________________ Assignment Due Date:__________________

My Biome _______________________ Number of points possible = __________

A. Construct a three-dimensional model of your biome in a box (apple box/ copy paper size) using everyday materials. It should show the terrain (mountainous, flat, shoreline, etc.) You should include the following in your 3-D model:

1. ___3 different accurate representations of flora

2. ___4 different accurate representations of fauna

3. ___accurate representation of climate/weather and terrain (mountainous, flat, shoreline, lakes)

4. ___inside walls are decorated (painted, collaged with photos, etc.)

5. ___exterior of box is covered or painted

B. Attached to the box will be your standard sized poster board (22" x 28") with typed (at least 28 bold font) or neatly written descriptions of the following:

Required Elements for Poster:

1. ___Elevation 6.___ Five examples of Fauna

2. ___Precipitation levels 7.___ types of insects in the area

3. ___ weather/ climate/ temp ranges 8. ___ adaptations (special structures, behaviors, processes) of organisms that ensures their survival

4. ___ Four Seasons? If not, which ones? 9.___ human activity/effects on biome/ problems faced by biome

5. ___ Five examples of Flora 10. ___conservation efforts? (specific actions we are taking/ could take to protect biome)

C. World map indicating (by color, outline, etc.) the location of your biome. The map may be placed on the top of box if you do not have room on your poster.

Research your biome using the Internet, your textbook, other books, magazines and texts. Remember you must have your four sources listed in the correct format on the back of your poster.

Suggested Materials: Be creative!! Use a large variety of materials: construction paper, magazines, pics from the net, your own photos, variety of creative materials (yarn, pasta, beans, peas, buttons, twigs, grass, etc.), small figures ($1 store or hobby shop), standard size poster board, 3" piece of 1/2"' x 3/8" wood for poster support (rulers or paint sticks from a home supply warehouse work great - duct tape works well to secure the poster), scissors, glue, colored pencils, markers, crayons, paint, drawing paper

BIOME PROJECT RUBRIC

Name ___________________________ Biome ____________________

Includes Original Biome rubric with project on due date = 4 points _____

3-Dimensional Model

Element	10	8	6	4	2
Includes at least 3 different and accurate types of flora in the biome.
Includes at least 4 different and accurate types of fauna in the biome.
Accurately represents the weather/climate and terrain of the biome.
Inside wall decorated and exterior painted/covered/ necessary pictures
Neat, attractive, creative

Poster

Ideas and Content	7	5	4	3	2
Includes elevation, precipitation, temperature ranges, climate and seasons.
Includes 5 examples of flora
Includes 5 examples of fauna
Includes types of insects, adaptations of organisms, effects of human activity, current and possible conservation efforts
Includes accurate map with biome location(s)
Structure and Form	7	5	4	3	2
Presents details in a sensible order that is easy to follow.
Includes four bibliography sources on back of poster.
Conventions	7	5	4	3	2
Contains minor errors in grammar/usage, spelling, capitalization, punctuation.
Totals

Grand Total ____________ Project Grade __________

Try these reliable sources for information!

Just click on the descriptions below!

Major Land Biomes from Worldbook Online

Map of Biomes of the World from Worldbook Online

Two articles about Biomes from two Science Encyclopedias

Article from Science World March 2006 about Biomes

Article about how certain animals has adapted to their biome from Science World Magazine

Websites about Biomes that have been recommended and added to the the library's catalog (new feature!) They find the best websites about Biomes!

---

A Step Back in Time

A Step Back in Time

You will be taking a step back in time. From a list of over 50 historical figures, you will choose one to focus on for this project.

1. You will adopt the persona of this figure through extensive research.

2. You will keep a journal (three entries in all) in the language of the period dealing with issues of interest to the character whose role you have assumed. Each entry must be a minimum of one page, handwritten, in ink, or the equivalent typed, double-spaced, in a font that resembles legible handwriting

3. In addition, you will choose a partner whose historical figure is a contemporary of yours. You will exchange two letters with this classmate, writing as your historical character to his or her character. Letters follow the same requirements as journal entries (see #2 above).

4. Finally, each of you will give an oral presentation highlighting the life of each character and sharing a letter written by each. Note: Do not chew gum. Use index cards only for information on your character. Do not begin, “I’m John Smith. I was born in 15____ . . .” Remember, enthusiasm on your part creates interest on our part!

5. A visual aid of some sort (costume, symbolic object, etc.) must accompany the oral report for each character. (A picture printed from the internet is not acceptable.)

Due Dates:

· Character sign-up August 11th (first-come-first-served before 8:00;after class begins, we will draw numbers for sign up order)

· Journal entry 1 – due August 18 ^th

· Journal entry 2 – due August 23^th

· First letter exchange – due August 25^th

· Journal check August 30th

· Journal entry 3 – due September 1st-

· Second letter exchange – due September 7^th

· ALL JOURNALS will be turned in on September 8^th

Oral presentations begin on September 11th

A Step Back in Time: Historic Journals and Letters

Name _________________ (AKA_____________________)

Category	5	4	3	2
Evidence of Research	Excellent know- ledge of historic subject and partner figure; accurate and consistent chronology; shows depth as well as breadth	Indicates good understanding of the public and personal life of the chosen subject and at least a fair understanding of partner’s life	Indicates fair understanding of chosen subject; very limited knowledge of historical partner or the times	Limited knowledge of chosen figure; no real attempt to show understanding of historical partner or the times
Growth of Knowledge	Demonstrates growth beyond expectations of the assignment, including imagination and skill in use of period language	Clear evidence of growth in understanding of subject, partner, history, language of the time as project progressed	Some evidence of improved understanding of character, partner, historical foundation, and language	Little evidence of increased understanding of character, times, language from 1st journal entry to last letter
Use of Language	Tone is formal but natural (not stiff); uses devices such as subjunctive mood, rhetorical questions; abundant vivid detail throughout	Sentence structure and overall tone appropriately formal for the most part; has some vivid details	No modern slang, but sentence structure is modern &/or informal in tone; has some details	Lapses into modern slang; marked by generally poor diction; lacks details
Common Ground (in Letters)	Exploration of two or more areas of common interest in a natural, engaging manner	Discussion of two areas of shared interest	Evidence of one shared interest	No evidence of a common interest which the two figures might have shared

Score: ___________

1607-1800

Abigail Adams (1744-1818)
Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the home front. She urged her husband to remember America’s women in the new government he was helping to create.

John Adams (1735-1826)
A Massachusetts attorney and politician who was a strong believer in colonial independence. He argued against the Stamp Act and was involved in various patriot groups. As a delegate from Massachusetts, he urged the Second Continental Congress to declare independence. He helped draft and pass the Declaration of Independence. Adams later served as the second President of the United States.

Sam Adams (1722-1803)
A Massachusetts politician who was a radical fighter for colonial independence. Helped organize the Sons of Liberty and the Non-Importation Commission, which protested the Townshend Acts, and is believed to have lead the Boston Tea Party. He served in the Continental Congress throughout the Revolution, and served as Governor of Massachusetts from 1794-1797.

Sir Edmund Andros (1637-1714)
Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England.

Benedict Arnold (1741-1801)
He had been a Colonel in the Connecticut militia at the outbreak of the Revolution and soon became a General in the Continental Army. He won key victories for the colonies in the battles in upstate New York in 1777, and was instrumental in General Gates victory over the British at Saratoga. After becoming Commander of Philadelphia in 1778, he went heavily into debt, and in 1780, he was caught plotting to surrender the key Hudson River fortress of West Point to the British in exchange for a commission in the royal army. He is the most famous traitor in American history.

Crispus Attucks (1723-1770)
A black man, Attucks was one of the colonials involved in the Boston Massacre, and when the shooting started, he was the first to die. He became a martyr.

Nathaniel Bacon (1647-1676)

Angry colonists [many former indentured servants] rallied around recent immigrant Nathaniel Bacon, who held members of the Virginia House of Burgesses captive until they authorized him to attack the Indians and was consequently declared to be in rebellion by Governor Berkeley

Lord Baltimore (1607-1647)
Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.

John Bartram (1699-1777)
America’s first botanist; traveled through the frontier collecting specimens.

William Berkeley (1606-1677)

After land-hungry Virginians attacked two Indians tribes, Indians raided outlying farms in retaliation in the winter of 1676. Governor William Berkeley, however, was reluctant to strike back b/c he had trade agreements w/the Indians and didn’t want to disrupt them

William Bradford (1590-1657)
A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, who served for 30 one-year terms, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.

Ann Bradstreet (1612-1672)
A Puritan and the first colonial poet to be published. The main subjects of her poetry were family, home, and religion.

Aaron Burr (1756-1836)

In the Election of 1800 Burr received the same number of electoral votes as Thomas Jefferson. The tie was settled by the House of Representatives, which made Jefferson the president and Burr the vice president. In 1806, Burr became involved a plot. He planned to either seize lands in the Southwest from Spain or to remove lands from the United States. He was tried for treason in 1807.

Justice Samuel Chase (1741-1811)

After the Jeffersonian-Republicans took control of the House they tried to impeach Federalist SC Justice Samuel Chase for judicial misconduct [he prosecuted people under the Sedition Act]. He was acquitted, setting the precedent that only criminal acts could lead to impeachment.

George Rogers Clark (1752-1818)
Frontiersman who helped remove the Indians from the Illinois territory in May, 1798.

John Singleton Copley (1738-1815)

By the mid-1700's the portrait was virtually the only art form available to the American painter. Portraiture was in great demand in the colonies and was sufficient to support a small number of artists. Foremost among these was John Singleton Copley. Among his many 'subjects' were portraits of John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams and countless lords and ladies of his era, both in America and in London.

John Dickinson (1732-1808)
Drafted a declaration of colonial rights and grievances, and also wrote the series of "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" in 1767 to protest the Townshend Acts. Although an outspoken critic of British policies towards the colonies, Dickinson opposed the Revolution, and, as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, refused to sign the Declaration of Independence.

Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) Wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, a Careful and Strict Inquiry Into...That Freedom of Will
Part of the Great Awakening, Edwards gave gripping sermons about sin and the torments of Hell.

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.

Nathan Hale (1755-1776)

A martyr soldier of the American Revolution, who when but little more than twenty-one years old was hanged, by order of General William Howe, as a spy, in the city of New York, on September 22, 1776.

Alexander Hamilton (1755?-1804)
Sec. of the Treasury during the two Washington administrations. A leading Federalist, he supported industry and strong central government. He created the National Bank and managed to pay off the U.S.’s early debts through tariffs and the excise tax on whiskey.

John Hancock (1737-1793) Elected to the Boston Assembly, 1766; Delegate to, and President of, the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, circa 1773; Elected to Continental Congress, 1774; Elected President of the Continental Congress, 1775; Member of Massachusetts state Constitutional Convention, elected Governor of Massachusetts, through 1793.

Patrick Henry (1736-1799)
An American orator and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses who gave speeches against the British government and its policies urging the colonies to fight for independence. In connection with a petition to declare a "state of defense" in Virginia in 1775, he gave his most famous speech which ends with the words, "Give me liberty or give me death." Henry served as Governor of Virginia from 1776-1779 and 1784-1786, and was instrumental in causing the Bill of Rights to be adopted as part of the U.S. Constitution.

Thomas Hooker (1586?-1647)
Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford. Called "the father of American democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates.

Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643)
She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.

John Jay (1745-1829)

First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he negotiated the Jay Treaty with England

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States.

John Paul Jones (1747-1792)
Revolutionary War naval officer. His ship, the Bonhomme Richard, was sunk in a battle with the British ship Serapis, but he managed to board and gain control of the Serapis.

Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809)

In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson successfully requested $2,500 from Congress for exploration of the Louisiana Territory. The president appointed his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to lead it. Lewis selected William Clark to share command over the crew of 40 soldiers, boatmen and hunters. It was hoped that a Northwest Passage, comprising rivers and portages, would be discovered for access to the Pacific.

John Locke (1632-1704)
Locke was an English political philosopher whose ideas inspired the American revolution. He wrote that all human beings have a right to life, liberty, and property, and that governments exist to protect those rights. He believed that government was based upon an unwritten "social contract" between the rulers and their people, and if the government failed to uphold its end of the contract, the people had a right to rebel and institute a new government.

Dolley Payne Todd Madison (1768-1849) First Lady of the U.S., she earlier served as White House hostess for the widowed Thomas Jefferson.

James Madison (1751-1836) "Father of the Constitution," his proposals for an effective government became the Virginia Plan, which was the basis for the Constitution. He was responsible for drafting most of the language of the Constitution.

John Marshall (1755-1835)

In 1801 he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. His opinions established the authority of the Supreme Court and expanded the implied powers of the federal government. Through Marshall Federalism continued to exist despite the demise of the Federalist political party.

George Mason (1725-1792)
He opposed the Constitution because it didn’t protect individual rights. His opposition led to the inclusion of the Bill of Rights.

Robert Morris (1734-1806)
A delegate to the Second Continental Congress. He agreed that Britain had treated the colonies unfairly, but he didn’t believe that the colonies should dissolve ties with Britain. He argued against the Declaration of Independence.

James Oglethorpe (1696-1785)
Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonists’ dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor.

James Otis (1725-1783)
A colonial lawyer who defended (usually for free) colonial merchants who were accused of smuggling. Argued against the writs of assistance and the Stamp Act.

Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
A British citizen, he wrote Common Sense, published on January 1, 1776, to encourage the colonies to seek independence. It spoke out against the unfair treatment of the colonies by the British government and was instrumental in turning public opinion in favor of the Revolution.

Charles Wilson Peale (1741-1827)
An American naturalist painter.

William Penn (1644-1718)
1681- William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom.

Sir Walter Raleigh (1552?-1618)

Prior to Jamestown, Sir Walter Raleigh received a charter to found a colony on Roanoke Island in 1584. It failed, and he tried again in 1585 and 1587. Both were failures, and the fate of the 1587 colony remains a mystery (all colonists disappeared). Executed for treason.

Paul Revere (1735-1818)
He rode through the countryside warning local militias of the approach of the British troops prior to the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Thanks to the advance warning, the militias were able to take the British by surprise.

John Rolfe (1585-1622)
He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Sacajawea (1787?-1812)

The Indian wife of a French fur trader who was a member of the Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery. Sacagawea served as an Indian interpreter during the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

John Smith (1580?-1631)
Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)
American painter, most famous for painting the portrait of Washington which was copied for the one dollar bill.

Peter Stuyvesant (1592?-1672)
The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.

John Trumbull (1756-1843)

The foremost member of a group of artists who painted important American historical events, Trumbull had an insider's view of the War, serving as a colonel in the Continental Army and aide to Gen. Washington in the American Revolution. Today, four of his paintings hang in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. "The Surrender of Cornwallis," painted in 1820, is among his most famous.

George Washington (1732-1799)
He had led troops (rather unsuccessfully) during the French and Indian War, and had surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, and was much more successful in this second command.

Noah Webster (1758-1843)
Wrote some of the first dictionaries and spellers in the U.S. His books, which became the standard for the U.S., promoted American spellings and pronunciations, rather than British.

Benjamin West (1738-1820)

Benjamin West was born into a Quaker family in Springfield Pennsylvania. He was a talented drawer and settled in Philadelphia at 18 to work as a portrait painter. In 1760, he traveled to Italy and lived there for three years before settling in London. He was appointed historical painter by King George III in 1772. He also helped found the Royal Academy and became president in 1792.

Phillis Wheatley (1753?-1784)
An African-born domestic in the colonies, she became a well-known colonial poet. Her poetry was ornate and elaborate.

George Whitefield (174-1779)
Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights." He is credited with starting Methodism in America.

Eli Whitney (1765-1825)

Inventor of the cotton gin in 1793 and interchangeable parts

Roger Williams (1603?-1683)
In 1635 he left the Massachusetts colony and purchased land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island, the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.

John Winthrop (1588-1649)
1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president.

John Peter Zenger (1697-1746)
Zenger published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found not guilty. The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies.

Check Out the Following Sites for

AWESOME, Easy to Find Information

by Clicking on the Hyperlinks Below:

World Book Encyclopedia (short, easy to read articles for background information).

Biography Resource Center AWESOME database with only biographies of famous people(type in last name of person you are researching first)!

American History Database (more information that goes into detail, has pictures, and good for this kind of report.)

CHS Library Catalog which also gives you recommended websites. After you search, scroll down and click on the items that have WebPath Express in the title. These will give you a list of recommended websites with information about your historical figure. They find the sites for you!

Student Resource Center if you still need more information... this database has great biographical articles! Type in last name first and when you get the list of articles, choose one that is a biography (biography will be written in black to the right of the article).